Singapore Tourism: TripAdvisor has 759,864 reviews of Singapore Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Singapore resource. History of Singapore - Wikipedia. The written history of Singapore dates back to the third century. Later, the Kingdom of Singapura rose in importance during the 1. Sultan Iskandar Shah and Singapore became an important port, until it was invaded by the Majapahit in 1. It then came under the Malacca Sultanate and then the Johor Sultanate. Modern Singapore was founded in 1. Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles negotiated a treaty whereby Johor allowed the British to found a trading port on the island. During World War II, Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1. When the war ended, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels of self- government being granted, culminating in Singapore's merger with the Federation of Malaya to form Malaysia in 1. But social unrest and disputes between Singapore's ruling People's Action Party and Malaysia's Alliance Party resulted in Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia. Singapore became an independent republic on August 9, 1. Facing severe unemployment and a housing crisis, Singapore embarked on a modernization programme beginning in the late 1. By the 1. 99. 0, the country had become one of the world's most prosperous nations, with a highly developedfree market economy, strong international trading links, and the highest per capita gross domestic product in Asia outside Japan. Although Greco- Roman astronomer Ptolemy (9. This was itself a transliteration from the Malay name . When he saw a lion, the prince took this as an auspicious sign and founded a settlement called Singapura, which means . Recent excavations in Fort Canning found evidence indicating that Singapore was an important port in the 1. According to Sejarah Melayu, Singapore was defeated in one Majapahit attack. The last king, Sultan Iskandar Shah ruled the island for several years, before being forced to Melaka where he founded the Sultanate of Malacca. After the Portuguese seizure of Malacca in 1. Portuguese destroyed the settlements in Singapore in 1. Our Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) Policy. PSA is committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment for our staff, customers and contractors. The Singapore Spirit lives in all of us. It carries us forward and unites us. Discover the ones who are shaping the future and learn how you can make a difference too. The early dominance of the Portuguese was challenged during the 1. Dutch, who came to control most of the ports in the region. The Dutch established a monopoly over trade within the archipelago, particularly in spices, then the region's most important product. Other colonial powers, including the British, were limited to a relatively minor presence. He was determined that Great Britain should replace the Netherlands as the dominant power in the archipelago, since the trade route between China and British India, which had become vitally important with the institution of the opium trade with China, passed through the archipelago. The Dutch had been stifling British trade in the region by prohibiting the British from operating in Dutch- controlled ports or by subjecting them to a high tariff. Raffles hoped to challenge the Dutch by establishing a new port along the Straits of Malacca, the main ship passageway for the India- China trade. He convinced Lord Hastings, the Governor- General of India and his superior at the British East India Company, to fund an expedition to seek a new British base in the region. It lay at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, near the Straits of Malacca, and possessed a natural deep harbor, fresh water supplies, and timber for repairing ships. Raffles found a small Malaysettlement, with a population of about a thousand, at the mouth of the Singapore River, headed by Temenggong. Abdu'r Rahman. The island was nominally ruled by the Sultan of Johor, who was controlled by the Dutch and the Bugis. However, the Sultanate was weakened by factional division and Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman and his officials were loyal to Tengku Rahman's elder brother Tengku Hussein (or Tengku Long) who was living in exile in Riau. With the Temenggong's help, Raffles managed to smuggle Hussein back into Singapore. He offered to recognize Hussein as the rightful Sultan of Johor and provide him with a yearly payment; in return, Hussein would grant the British the right to establish a trading post on Singapore. Many Chinese and Indian immigrants came to Singapore to work in the rubber plantations and tin mines, and their descendants later formed the bulk of Singapore's population. Singapore tours and things to do: Check out Viator's reviews and photos of Singapore tours. Four Points Singapore is just along the Singapore River opposite Robertson Quay, near Orchard Road & Clarke Quay, 25 minutes from the airport & just outside the CBD. Current local time in Singapore – Singapore. Get Singapore's weather and area codes, time zone and DST. Explore Singapore's sunrise and sunset, moonrise and moonset. Book the Best Singapore Hotels on TripAdvisor: Find 258,906 traveler reviews, 169,643 candid photos, and prices for 305 hotels in Singapore, Singapore. In 2008 Singapore had the honour of hosting the first night-time event in Formula One history. The inaugural Singapore Grand Prix proved a huge hit, staged on a new street circuit, with the city's famous skyline providing a. Open source travel guide to Singapore, featuring up-to-date information on attractions, hotels, restaurants, nightlife, travel tips and more. Free and reliable advice written by Wikitravellers from around the globe. Establishing a trading port from scratch was a daunting endeavor. Farquhar's administration was fairly funded and was prohibited from collecting port duties to raise revenue as Raffles had decided that Singapore would be a free port. Farquhar invited settlers to Singapore, and stationed a British official on St. John's Island to invite passing ships to stop in Singapore. As news of the free port spread across the archipelago, Bugis, Peranakan Chinese, and Arab traders flocked to the island, seeking to circumvent the Dutch trade restrictions. During the starting year of operation, $4. Spanish dollars) worth of trade passed through Singapore. By 1. 82. 1, the island's population had gone up to around 5,0. The population reached the 1. Singapore surpassed the long- established port of Penang. For instance, in order to generate much- needed revenue, Farquhar had resorted to selling licenses for gambling and the sale of opium, which Raffles saw as social evils. Shocked at the disarray of the colony, Raffles set about drafting a set of new policies for the settlement. He also organized Singapore into functional and ethnic subdivisions under the Raffles Plan of Singapore. William Farquhar was also stripped off his post. Farquhar later died in Perth, Scotland. On 7 June 1. 82. 3, John Crawfurd signed a second treaty with the Sultan and Temenggong, which extended British possession to most of the island. The Sultan and Temenggong traded most of their administrative rights of the island, including the collection of port taxes for lifelong monthly payments of $1. This agreement brought the island under the British Law, with the provision that it would take into account Malay customs, traditions and religion. But as Singapore rapidly emerged as an important trading post, Britain consolidated its claim on the island. The Anglo- Dutch Treaty of 1. Singapore as a British possession, carving up the Malay archipelago between the two colonial powers with the area north of the S8. Singapore was grouped by the British East India Company. In 1. 83. 0, the Straits Settlements became a residency, or subdivision, of the Presidency of Bengal in British India. Its success was due to several reasons including the opening of the Chinese market, the advent of ocean- going steamships, the dramatic reduction in the time and cost of shipping goods to Europe after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1. The later opening of the Suez Canal in 1. Singapore. By 1. 88. Singapore each year, with around 8. Many merchant houses were set up in Singapore mainly by European trading firms, but also by Jewish, Chinese, Arab, Armenian, American and Indian merchants. There were also many Chinese middlemen who handled most of the trade between the European and Asian merchants. They consisted of Peranakans, who were descendants of early Chinese settlers, and Chinese coolies who flocked to Singapore to escape economic hardship in southern China. Their numbers were swelled by those fleeing the turmoil caused by the First Opium War (1. Many arrived in Singapore as impoverished indentured laborers. The Malays were the second largest ethnic group until the 1. By 1. 86. 0, the Indians had become the second largest ethnic group. They consisted of unskilled laborers, traders, and convicts who were sent to carry out public works projects such as clearing jungles and laying out roads. There were also Indian Sepoy troops garrisoned at Singapore by the British. Administrators were usually posted from India and were unfamiliar with local culture and languages. While the population had quadrupled during 1. Singapore had remained unchanged. Most people had no access to public health services and diseases such as cholera and smallpox caused severe health problems, especially in overcrowded working- class areas. In 1. 85. 0 there were only twelve police officers in the city of nearly 6. Prostitution, gambling, and drug abuse (particularly of opium) were widespread. Chinese criminal secret societies (analogous to modern- day triads) were extremely powerful, and some had tens of thousands of members. Turf wars between rival societies occasionally led to hundreds of deaths and attempts to suppress them had limited success. In 1. 85. 4 the Singapore Free Press complained that Singapore was a . The British government agreed to establish the Straits Settlements as a separate Crown Colony on 1 April 1. This new colony was ruled by a governor under the supervision of the Colonial Office in London. An executive council and a legislative council assisted the governor. A Chinese Protectorate under Pickering was established in 1. Chinese community, especially in controlling the worst abuses of the coolie trade and protecting Chinese women from forced prostitution. In 1. 90. 6, the Tongmenghui, a revolutionary Chinese organisation dedicated to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and led by Sun Yat- sen, founded its Nanyang branch in Singapore, which served as the organisation's headquarters in Southeast Asia. The newspaper ended in 1. Working with other Cantonese people, Chan, Cheung and Chan opened the revolution- related Kai Ming Bookstore (. For the revolution, Chan Po- Yin raised over 3. Singapore to China) of military equipment and for the support of the expenses of people travelling from Singapore to China for revolutionary work. The only significant local military event during the war was a 1. British Muslim Indian sepoys garrisoned in Singapore. Completed in 1. 93. British navy for six months. It was defended by heavy 1. Royal Air Force squadrons stationed at Tengah Air Base. Winston Churchill touted it as the . The British Home Fleet was stationed in Europe and the plan was for it to sail quickly to Singapore when needed. However, after World War II broke out in 1. Fleet was fully occupied with defending Britain.
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